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Compare Portugal (2003) - Marshall Islands (2001)

Compare Portugal (2003) z Marshall Islands (2001)

 Portugal (2003)Marshall Islands (2001)
 PortugalMarshall Islands
Administrative divisions 18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu 33 municipalities; Ailinginae, Ailinglaplap, Ailuk, Arno, Aur, Bikar, Bikini, Bokak, Ebon, Enewetak, Erikub, Jabat, Jaluit, Jemo, Kili, Kwajalein, Lae, Lib, Likiep, Majuro, Maloelap, Mejit, Mili, Namorik, Namu, Rongelap, Rongrik, Toke, Ujae, Ujelang, Utirik, Wotho, Wotje
Age structure 0-14 years: 16.8% (male 874,198; female 825,742)


15-64 years: 67.2% (male 3,326,957; female 3,461,425)


65 years and over: 16% (male 651,697; female 962,003) (2003 est.)
0-14 years:
49.29% (male 17,808; female 17,101)

15-64 years:
48.61% (male 17,573; female 16,853)

65 years and over:
2.1% (male 707; female 780) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products grain, potatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, poultry, beef, dairy products coconuts, tomatoes, melons, cacao, taro, breadfruit, fruits; pigs, chickens
Airports 66 (2002) 16 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 40


over 3,047 m: 5


2,438 to 3,047 m: 9


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 15


under 914 m: 7 (2002)
total:
4

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 26


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 25 (2002)
total:
12

914 to 1,523 m:
9

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Area total: 92,391 sq km


land: 91,951 sq km


water: 440 sq km


note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands
total:
181.3 sq km

land:
181.3 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes the atolls of Bikini, Enewetak, and Kwajalein
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Indiana about the size of Washington, DC
Background Following its heyday as a world power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence in 1822 of Brazil as a colony. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy; for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986. After almost four decades under US administration as the easternmost part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Marshall Islands attained independence in 1986 under a Compact of Free Association. Compensation claims continue as a result of US nuclear testing on some of the islands between 1947 and 1962.
Birth rate 11.45 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 45.07 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $45 billion


expenditures: $48 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
revenues:
$80.1 million

expenditures:
$77.4 million, including capital expenditures of $19.5 million (FY95/96 est.)
Capital Lisbon Majuro
Climate maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south wet season from May to November; hot and humid; islands border typhoon belt
Coastline 1,793 km 370.4 km
Constitution 25 April 1976, revised 30 October 1982, 1 June 1989, 5 November 1992, and 3 September 1997 1 May 1979
Country name conventional long form: Portuguese Republic


conventional short form: Portugal


local long form: Republica Portuguesa


local short form: Portugal
conventional long form:
Republic of the Marshall Islands

conventional short form:
Marshall Islands

former:
Marshall Islands District (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)
Currency euro (EUR)


note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
US dollar (USD)
Death rate 10.21 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 6.23 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $13.1 billion (1997 est.) $125 million (FY96/97 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador John N. PALMER


embassy: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisbon


mailing address: PSC 83, APO AE 09726


telephone: [351] (21) 727-3300


FAX: [351] (21) 726-9109


consulate(s): Ponta Delgada (Azores)
chief of mission:
Ambassador Joan M. PLAISTED

embassy:
Oceanside, Mejen Weto, Long Island, Majuro

mailing address:
P. O. Box 1379, Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands 96960-1379

telephone:
[692] 247-4011

FAX:
[692] 247-4012
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Pedro Manuel Dos Reis Alves CATARINO


chancery: 2125 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 328-8610


FAX: [1] (202) 462-3726


consulate(s) general: Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), and San Francisco


consulate(s): Los Angeles, New Bedford (Massachusetts), Providence (Rhode Island)
chief of mission:
Ambassador Banny DE BRUM

chancery:
2433 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 234-5414

FAX:
[1] (202) 232-3236

consulate(s) general:
Honolulu
Disputes - international Portugal has periodically reasserted claims to territories around the town of Olivenza, Spain claims US territory of Wake Island
Economic aid - donor ODA, $271 million (1995) -
Economic aid - recipient - approximately $65 million annually from the US
Economy - overview Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community in 1986. Over the past decade, successive governments have privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country qualified for the European Monetary Union (EMU) in 1998 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU member economies. Economic growth has been above the EU average for much of the past decade, but fell back in 2001-03. GDP per capita stands at 70% of that of the leading EU economies. A poor educational system, in particular, has been an obstacle to greater productivity and growth. Portugal has been increasingly overshadowed by lower-cost producers in Central Europe and Asia as a target for foreign direct investment. The coalition government faces tough choices in its attempts to boost Portugal's economic competitiveness and to keep the budget deficit within the 3% EU ceiling. US Government assistance is the mainstay of this tiny island economy. Agricultural production is concentrated on small farms, and the most important commercial crops are coconuts, tomatoes, melons, and breadfruit. Small-scale industry is limited to handicrafts, fish processing, and copra. The tourist industry, now a small source of foreign exchange employing less than 10% of the labor force, remains the best hope for future added income. The islands have few natural resources, and imports far exceed exports. Under the terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US provides roughly $65 million in annual aid. Negotiations were underway in 1999 for an extended agreement. Government downsizing, drought, a drop in construction, and the decline in tourism and foreign investment due to the Asian financial difficulties caused GDP to fall in 1996-98.
Electricity - consumption 41.48 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - exports 3.479 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - imports 3.743 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production 44.32 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 64.5%


hydro: 31.3%


nuclear: 0%


other: 4.1% (2001)
fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location on Likiep 10 m
Environment - current issues soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas inadequate supplies of potable water
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal Micronesian
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000), 0.94 (1999) the US dollar is used
Executive branch chief of state: President Jorge SAMPAIO (since 9 March 1996)


head of government: Prime Minister Jose Manuel DURAO BARROSO (since 6 April 2002)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister


note: there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA January 2006); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president


election results: Jorge SAMPAIO reelected president; percent of vote - Jorge SAMPAIO (Socialist) 55.8%, Joaquim FERREIRA Do Amaral (Social Democrat) 34.5%, Antonio ABREU (Communist) 5.1%
chief of state:
President Kessai Hesa NOTE (since 3 January 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Kessai Hesa NOTE (since 3 January 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet selected by the president from among the members of Parliament

elections:
president elected by Parliament from among its own members for a four-year term; election last held 15 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2003)

election results:
Kessai Hesa NOTE elected president; percent of Parliament vote - 100%
Exports 28,830 bbl/day (2001) $28 million (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
Exports - commodities clothing and footwear, machinery, chemicals, cork and paper products, hides fish, coconut oil, trochus shells
Exports - partners Spain 20.3%, Germany 18.4%, France 12.6%, UK 10.5%, US 5.8%, Italy 4.8%, Belgium 4.5% (2002) US, Japan, Australia
Fiscal year calendar year 1 October - 30 September
Flag description two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line blue with two stripes radiating from the lower hoist-side corner - orange (top) and white; there is a white star with four large rays and 20 small rays on the hoist side above the two stripes
GDP purchasing power parity - $195.2 billion (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $105 million (1998 est.), supplemented by approximately $65 million annual US aid
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 3.6%


industry: 28.7%


services: 67.7% (2001)
agriculture:
15%

industry:
13%

services:
72% (1995)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $19,400 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,670 (1998 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 0.4% (2002 est.) -5% (1998 est.)
Geographic coordinates 39 30 N, 8 00 W 9 00 N, 168 00 E
Geography - note Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar two archipelagic island chains of 30 atolls and 1,152 islands; Bikini and Enewetak are former US nuclear test sites; Kwajalein, the famous World War II battleground, is now used as a US missile test range
Highways total: 68,732 km


paved: 59,110 km (including 1441 km of expressways)


unpaved: 9,622 km (2000)
total:
NA km

paved:
NA km

unpaved:
NA km

note:
paved roads on major islands (Majuro, Kwajalein), otherwise stone-, coral-, or laterite-surfaced roads and tracks
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 3.1%


highest 10%: 28.4% (1995 est.)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs gateway country for Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin -
Imports 357,300 bbl/day (2001) $58 million (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum, textiles, agricultural products foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels, beverages and tobacco
Imports - partners Spain 28.1%, Germany 15%, France 10.2%, Italy 6.5%, UK 5.2%, Netherlands 4.5% (2002) US, Japan, Australia, NZ, Guam, Singapore
Independence 1143 (independent republic proclaimed 5 October 1910) 21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate 1.5% (2002 est.) NA%
Industries textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine; tourism copra, fish, tourism, craft items from shell, wood, and pearls, offshore banking (embryonic)
Infant mortality rate total: 5.73 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 6.26 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 5.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
39.82 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.7% (2002 est.) 5% (1997)
International organization participation AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, MONUC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMISET, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC ACP, AsDB, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 16 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 6,320 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura) Supreme Court; High Court
Labor force 5.1 million (2000) NA
Labor force - by occupation services 60%, industry 30%, agriculture 10% (1999 est.) agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries total: 1,214 km


border countries: Spain 1,214 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 20.57%


permanent crops: 7.74%


other: 71.69% (1999 est.)
arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
60%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
40%
Languages Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official - but locally used) English (universally spoken and is the official language), two major Marshallese dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family, Japanese
Legal system civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws
Legislative branch unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 17 March 2002 (next to be held NA 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - PSD 40.1%, PS 37.8%, PP 8.7%, PCP/PEV 6.9%, The Left Bloc 2.7%; seats by party - PSD 105, PS 96, PP 14, PCP/PEV 12, The Left Bloc 3
unicameral Parliament or Nitijela (33 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 15 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA

note:
the Council of Chiefs is a 12-member body that advises on matters affecting customary law and practice
Life expectancy at birth total population: 76.35 years


male: 72.86 years


female: 80.07 years (2003 est.)
total population:
65.84 years

male:
64.04 years

female:
67.73 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 93.3%


male: 95.5%


female: 91.3% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
93%

male:
100%

female:
88% (1980 est.)
Location Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain Oceania, group of atolls and reefs in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Papua New Guinea
Map references Europe Oceania
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 24 NM


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 132 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 993,325 GRT/1,533,255 DWT


ships by type: bulk 11, cargo 62, chemical tanker 18, container 7, liquefied gas 8, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger 4, petroleum tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 5, short-sea passenger 3, vehicle carrier 2


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 1, British Virgin Islands 1, Cyprus 1, Denmark 6, Germany 20, Greece 1, Iceland 1, Italy 16, Lebanon 1, Liberia 1, Monaco 2, Norway 5, Panama 5, Spain 22, Switzerland 8, UK 1, Virgin Islands (UK) 1 (2002 est.)
total:
212 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 9,768,406 GRT/16,242,699 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 63, cargo 9, chemical tanker 10, combination ore/oil 2, container 29, liquefied gas 10, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, petroleum tanker 87, vehicle carrier 1

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Cyprus 1, Germany 1, Japan 1, US 6 (2000 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the US
Military branches Army, Navy (PON) (includes Marines), Air Force, Republican Guard (includes Fiscal Guard) no regular military forces (a coast guard may be established); Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $1.286 billion (FY99/00) $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2.2% (FY99/00) NA%
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 2,520,852 (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 2,017,678 (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - military age 20 years of age (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 67,816 (2003 est.) -
National holiday Portugal Day, 10 June (1580) Constitution Day, 1 May (1979)
Nationality noun: Portuguese (singular and plural)


adjective: Portuguese
noun:
Marshallese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Marshallese
Natural hazards Azores subject to severe earthquakes occasional typhoons
Natural resources fish, forests (cork), tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore, marble, arable land, hydropower phosphate deposits, marine products, deep seabed minerals
Net migration rate 0.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines gas 482 km (2003) -
Political parties and leaders The Greens or PEV [no leader]; Popular Party or PP [Paulo PORTAS]; Portuguese Communist Party/The Greens or PCP/PEV [Carlos CARVALHAS]; Portuguese Socialist Party or PS [Eduardo Ferro RODRIGUES]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Jose Manuel DURAO BARROSO]; United Democratic Coalition or CDU [Carlos CARVALHAS]; The Left Bloc [no leader] traditionally there have been no formally organized political parties; what has existed more closely resembles factions or interest groups because they do not have party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures; the following two "groupings" have competed in legislative balloting in recent years - Kabua Party [Imata KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [Litokwa TOMEING]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 10,102,022 (July 2003 est.) 70,822 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.17% (2003 est.) 3.88% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Aveiro, Funchal (Madeira Islands), Horta (Azores), Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Praia da Vitoria (Azores), Setubal, Viana do Castelo Majuro
Radio broadcast stations AM 47, FM 172 (many are repeaters), shortwave 2 (1998) AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - NA
Railways total: 2,850 km


broad gauge: 2,576 km 1.668-m gauge (623 km electrified)


narrow gauge: 274 km 1.000-m gauge (2002)
0 km
Religions Roman Catholic 94%, Protestant (1995) Christian (mostly Protestant)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female


total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.91 male(s)/female

total population:
1.04 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: undergoing rapid development in recent years, Portugal's telephone system, by the end of 1998, achieved a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities and a main line telephone density of 53%


domestic: integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations


international: 6 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores; note - an earth station for Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region) is planned
general assessment:
telex services

domestic:
Majuro Atoll and Ebeye and Kwajalein islands have regular, seven-digit, direct-dial telephones; other islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes)

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); US Government satellite communications system on Kwajalein
Telephones - main lines in use 5.3 million (yearend 1998) 3,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular 3,074,194 (1999) 365 (1996)
Television broadcast stations 62 (plus 166 repeaters)


note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands (1995)
3 (of which two are US military stations) (1997)
Terrain mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south low coral limestone and sand islands
Total fertility rate 1.49 children born/woman (2003 est.) 6.55 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 4.7% (2002 est.) 16% (1991 est.)
Waterways 820 km


note: relatively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 300 metric-ton or less cargo capacity
none
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